Doggy Mentor

Posts Tagged ‘pet’

There are a number of common health issues that your Golden Retriever can experience from time to time.  Most of these ailments are nothing serious, providing you know how they must be treated and prevented.  Below, we tend to will take a look at the most common ailments, and tell you the way to stop your Golden from obtaining them.

Distemper virus
The distemper virus is an airborne disease that poses a high risk.  This virus will be prevented by obtaining your Golden three different vaccinations when he is between half dozen and sixteen weeks of age, along along with his regular annual booster shot.  The symptoms from this virus embrace fever, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting.  If your Golden Retriever has these symptoms, you must immediately take him to determine the vet.

Heartworms
Heartworms are among the most common ailment with all dog breeds.  They can reach lengths of up to 12 inches in the heart and the lung arteries, leading to heart failure, a decrease in blood circulation, and even death in some cases.  The symptoms with heartworms may not seem until it is too late, so you are higher off preventing them with the right heartworm medicines. 

Heatstroke
Throughout the summer months or hot days, your Golden Retriever will get a heatstroke.  You’ll be able to prevent this from happening by giving your dog plenty of water, and never leaving him in direct sunlight.  If you’re playing together on a hot day, you should provide him plenty of time to rest thus he doesn’t overdo it.  The symptoms indicating a heatstroke embrace a lot of panting or drooling, dark gums, a glazed expression, fast pulse, and even vomiting.  If your dog starts to indicate any of those symptoms, you must immediately take him to the vet.

Rabies
Rabies is one in all the additional serious ailments that your Golden Retriever can get, as it has an adverse have an effect on on your dog’s nervous system.  Normally, dogs get rabies through a bite of another animal that’s infected with the disease.  There are rabies shots that helps to forestall the disease, and your dog ought to get them a minimum of once a year.  The symptoms of rabies include seizures, aggression, and foaming at the mouth.  If you suspect your Golden has rabies, you should call the vet immediately.

Tapeworms
Tapeworms are normally caused by fleas, and have an effect on your dog’s stomach.  The symptoms for tapeworms embody a loss in weight, diarrhea, and even biting of the rectal area.  You can easily stop your Golden from tapeworms by using a rigid flea control.  If your Golden Retriever exhibits symptoms for tapeworms, you ought to take him to the vet immediately.  If the vet catches them in time, he might be able to kill the tapeworms with an oral medicine.

Hookworms
Hookworms result from your Golden coming involved with feces, his mother, or the worm simply burrowing beneath exposed skin.  You can prevent your dog from getting hookworms by cleaning his living area and keeping his skin clean.  The symptoms that accompany hookworms embody a dry coat, weight loss, weakness, and blood within the stool.  As with all other ailments, you ought to immediately contact your vet if your Golden Retriever starts to point out any of those symptoms.

Although these are simply some of the foremost common ailments for Golden Retrievers, there are other ailments and health problems that your dog can get.  If your Golden starts to point out any signs of ailment, disease, or health downside, you shouldn’t hesitate to contact your vet and set up an appointment.  A number of these diseases and ailments will be pretty serious – though they can be treated if you catch them in time.

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Have you ever been looking and searching for simply the proper dog tag, while not finding what you’re wanting for to fit your dog’s personality? Choose your exact specifications, give them to the manufacturer, and they’ll manufacture a dog tag to your liking. Some retailers even focus on custom dog tags.

Do you wish the design and solid feel of stainless steel, brass, or aluminum? Or maybe you’re not picky, and just want a plastic tag. Plastic won’t last quite as long, however they are cheap and simply replaceable. A metal or plastic dog tag shouldn’t value a lot of than $40 in most cases, and in many cases they value under $10. You’ll have all of your dog’s ID data imprinted within the surface of any metal or plastic dog tag.

Some dog tags are jeweled. You can sometimes opt for an exact pattern that you want the planning to be in. If you want the shape of a cursive “R” for Rex, and you would like it tired rhinestone, you can find somebody to do that. Some retailers can offer a more restricted array of choices, but you’ll be able to still sometimes select from 2 or three types of embedded stones.

When it comes to essentially high-end dog tags, like sapphire, real silver, gold, or diamond, there have a tendency to be a lot of choices. This is often as a result of you’ll be paying many tons, or perhaps thousands of greenbacks for the material itself, so it’s value it for the retailer to grant you as many options as you like.

You furthermore mght should opt for the material and style of the dog tag’s collar or necklace. There are leather, nylon, rubber, and therefore on, on the lower monetary end; and silk or silver chains on the upper end. Choose a collar or necklace that compliments no matter dog tag you go with. Simply create sure your dog is snug with it.

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Diamond dog tags are the cream of the crop, the best of the simplest, the foremost luxurious type of dog tag you’ll buy.

Diamond dog tags will cost up to $7500 or more. If you’ll be able to afford such luxuries, a diamond dog tag is the perfect addition to your collection. Give your dog a diamond bone, heart, fire hydrant, or any of a limitless variety of shapes and designs.

You’ll be able to even purchase dog-and-owner tag duos. Put one on your dog’s collar, and suspend one as a pendant from your neck (or as a charm on your bracelet.)

A diamond dog tag deserves a great collar or necklace. You wouldn’t frame a masterpiece painting with cardboard, would you? The identical principle applies to dog tags. Most retailers of diamond dog tags also carry luxury collars. Ask them concerning the selection. You’ll have diamonds on the collar (for maximum effect), rhinestones, crystals, sapphires, gold, silver, or any different precious stone. Maybe a series of your dog’s birthstone would be the proper touch.

Diamonds for dogs are regarding the identical as diamonds for humans. They start at some hundred bucks, and can go as high as tens of thousands of greenbacks, depending on size, cut, and supplier.

Where will you get a diamond dog tag? There are many sources online. The award-winning pet accessories website animalstars.com may be a nice place to start. There you’ll find a big choice of dog tags, and not only diamond, however additionally gold, silver, and pearl. You’ll even realize low cost ones – nice for use as a backup in case your diamond dog tag ever falls off your rambunctious pup.

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There is no incongruity in the idea that in the very earliest period of man’s habitation of this world he made an exponent and companion of some sort of aboriginal representative of our trendy dog, and that in come back for its aid in protecting him from wilder animals, and in guarding his sheep and goats, he gave it a share of his food, a corner in his dwelling, and grew to trust it and look after it. Probably the animal was originally very little else than a bizarrely light jackal, or an ailing wolf driven by its companions from the wild marauding pack to hunt shelter in alien surroundings. One will well conceive the likelihood of the partnership starting in the circumstance of some helpless whelps being brought home by the early hunters to be tended and reared by the girls and children. Dogs introduced into the  home as playthings for the youngsters would grow to regard themselves, and be regarded, as family members

In nearly all components of the planet traces of an indigenous dog family are found, the only exceptions being the West Indian Islands, Madagascar, the jap islands of the Malayan Archipelago, New Zealand, and therefore the Polynesian Islands, where there’s no sign that any dog, wolf, or fox has existed as a true aboriginal animal. In the ancient Oriental lands, and usually among the early Mongolians, the dog remained savage and neglected for centuries, prowling in packs, gaunt and wolf-like, because it prowls today through the streets and underneath the walls of every Japanese city. No try was created to attract it into human companionship or to improve it into docility. It is not till we tend to come to examine the records of the higher civilisations of Assyria and Egypt that we have a tendency to discover any distinct sorts of canine form.

The dog wasn’t greatly appreciated in Palestine, and in each the Recent and New Testaments it’s commonly spoken of with scorn and contempt as an “unclean beast.” Even the acquainted reference to the Sheepdog within the Book of Job “But now they that are younger than I’ve got me in derision, whose fathers I’d have disdained to line with the dogs of my flock” isn’t without a suggestion of contempt, and it is vital that the only biblical allusion to the dog as a recognised companion of man happens within the apocryphal Book of Tobit (v. sixteen), “Therefore they went forth each, and also the young man’s dog with them.”

The good multitude of various breeds of the dog and also the vast differences in their size, points, and general appearance are facts that build it troublesome to believe that they may have had a common ancestry. One thinks of the distinction between the Mastiff and the Japanese Spaniel, the Deerhound and also the fashionable Pomeranian, the St. Bernard and therefore the Miniature Black and Tan Terrier, and is perplexed in considering the chance of their having descended from a standard progenitor. Nevertheless the disparity is no bigger than that between the Shire horse and also the Shetland pony, the Shorthorn and therefore the Kerry cattle, or the Patagonian and also the Pygmy; and every one dog breeders know how straightforward it’s to supply a variety in type and size by studied selection.

So as properly to perceive this question it’s necessary initial to think about the identity of structure in the wolf and also the dog. This identity of structure might best be studied in a very comparison of the osseous system, or skeletons, of the two animals, which thus closely resemble every alternative that their transposition would not simply be detected.

The spine of the dog consists of seven vertebrae within the neck, thirteen in the rear, seven within the loins, three sacral vertebrae, and twenty to twenty-2 in the tail. In both the dog and also the wolf there are 13 pairs of ribs, 9 true and 4 false. Each has forty-2 teeth. They both have 5 front and four hind toes, while outwardly the common wolf has thus much the appearance of a large, clean-boned dog, {that a} fashionable description of the one would serve for the other.

Nor are their habits different. The wolf’s natural voice may be a loud howl, but when confined with dogs he can learn to bark. Though he is carnivorous, he will additionally eat vegetables, and when sickly he will nibble grass. Within the chase, a pack of wolves will divide into parties, one following the trail of the quarry, the other endeavouring to intercept its retreat, exercising a considerable quantity of strategy, a trait which is exhibited by several of our sporting dogs and terriers when hunting in teams.

A more important purpose of resemblance between the Canis lupus and the Canis familiaris lies in the actual fact that the amount of gestation in both species is sixty-3 days. There are from three to nine cubs during a wolf’s litter, and these are blind for twenty-one days. They’re suckled for two months, however at the tip of that point they are ready to eat [*fr1]-digested flesh disgorged for them by their dam or maybe their sire.

The native dogs of all regions approximate closely in size, coloration, form, and habit to the native wolf of these regions. Of this most vital circumstance there are way too several instances to allow of its being looked upon as a mere coincidence. Sir John Richardson, writing in 1829, observed that “the resemblance between the North American wolves and also the domestic dog of the Indians is so nice that the size and strength of the wolf looks to be the sole difference.

It’s been urged {that the} one incontrovertible argument against the lupine relationship of the dog is the actual fact that each one greyhound dogs bark, whereas all wild Canidae categorical their feelings only by howls. However the difficulty here is not so great because it seems, since we tend to understand that jackals, wild dogs, and wolf pups reared by bitches readily acquire the habit. On the other hand, pups allowed to run wild forget the way to bark, whereas there are some that haven’t nevertheless learned thus to precise themselves.

The presence or absence of the habit of barking cannot, then, be regarded as an argument choose the question concerning the origin of the dog. This stumbling block consequently disappears, leaving us within the position of considering Darwin, whose final hypothesis was that “it’s highly probable {that the} puppies of the world have descended from two good species of wolf (C. lupus and C. latrans), and from 2 or 3 alternative doubtful species of wolves particularly, the European, Indian, and North African forms; from at least one or 2 South Yankee canine species; from several races or species of jackal; and perhaps from one or more extinct species”; and {that the} blood of these, in some cases mingled together, flows within the veins of our domestic breeds.

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The dogs that take their name from the island of Newfoundland appeal to all or any lovers of animals.There are now 2 established varieties, the black and therefore the white and black. There also are bronze-colored dogs, however they’re rare. The black selection of the Newfoundland is basically black in colour; however this does not mean that there may be no alternative color, for many black Newfoundlands have some white marks. In fact, a white marking on the chest is said to be typical of the true breed. Any white on the pinnacle or body would place the dog in the other than black variety. The black colour should preferably be of a uninteresting jet appearance which approximates to brown. In the other than black class, there might be black and tan, bronze, and white and black. The latter predominates, and in this colour, great thing about marking is terribly important. The top should be black with a white muzzle and blaze, and therefore the body and legs ought to be white with giant patches of black on the saddle and quarters, with possibly other little black spots on the body and legs.

Apart from colour, the varieties ought to conform to the same standard. The pinnacle should be broad and large, however in no sense significant in appearance. The muzzle ought to be short, sq., and clean cut, eyes rather wide apart, deep set, dark and small, not showing any haw; ears tiny, with shut aspect carriage, lined with fine short hair (there should be no fringe to the ears), expression full of intelligence, dignity, and kindness.

The body should be long, square, and large, loins sturdy and well crammed; chest deep and broad; legs quite straight, somewhat short in proportion to the length of the body, and powerful, with spherical bone well coated with muscle; feet massive, spherical, and close. The tail should be only long enough to succeed in simply below the hocks, free from kink, and never curled over the back. The quality of the coat is very important; the coat ought to be very dense, with plenty of undercoat; the outer coat somewhat harsh and quite straight.

The looks typically ought to indicate a dog of nice strength, and terribly active for his build and size, moving freely with the body swung loosely between the legs, which provides a small roll in gait. As regards size, the Newfoundland Club standard offers 140 lbs. to one hundred twenty lbs. weight for a dog, and a hundred and ten lbs. to 120 lbs. for a bitch, with an average height at the shoulder of twenty seven inches and twenty five inches respectively; but it’s uncertain whether dogs in correct condition do conform to each requirements. 

When rearing puppies give them soft food, like well-boiled rice and milk, once they will lap, and, shortly afterwards, scraped lean meat. Newfoundland puppies require lots of meat to induce proper growth. The puppies ought to increase in weight at the speed of 3 lbs. every week, and this necessitates masses of flesh, bone and muscle-forming food, masses of meat, both raw and cooked. Milk is additionally good, but it needs to be strengthened with casein. The key of growing full-sized dogs with lots of bone and substance is to get a good start from birth, smart feeding, heat, dry quarters, and freedom for the puppies to maneuver concerning and exercise themselves as they wish. Forced exercise could make them get it wrong on their legs. Drugs ought to not be needed aside from worms, and therefore the puppies ought to be physicked for these soon when they are weaned, and once more when three or four months recent, or before that if they are not thriving. If free from worms, Newfoundland puppies can be found quite hardy, and, beneath proper conditions of food and quarters, they’re straightforward to rear.

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The word insurance is one of those words that just makes you cringe. Next to putting gas in your car it seems like the most important expense you’ve got and there’s simply so much that you just need. You need to stay insurance on your car (it might have been extremely nice if someone would have told how huge a financial drain that was going to be), if you own a home you pay homeowners insurance, if you rent an apartment you’ve got renters insurance, you struggle with the ever soaring cost of health care insurance, and if you are a extremely accountable loved one you have life insurance. And currently you discover you’re hearing that you must consider purchasing a health insurance arrange for your pet dog.

You’re keen on your dog, he is a lot of then a pet, he is a valued member of your family and probably your best friend. However health insurance? You can barely afford to put food on your table how are you alleged to be able to afford to insure your pet. Besides he’s simply a mutt, dog health care insurance is for fancy purebred show dogs, not your rescue pet.

The shoestring you’re most likely living on is the very reason you might want to consider putting pet health insurance on your pet. The average dog owner takes their pet dog to the veterinarian approximately 2.3 times a year and it can cost you approximately 2 hundred and eleven greenbacks per year.  My guess is that every time you pay the vet bill your budget is screaming for mercy.

What happens if your dog contracts a disease, or gets hurt? It does not take much to rack up some pretty serious vet bills. What if you have to leave town and can’t take your dog with you? Can you really afford to leave your dog at a boarding kennel? You already grasp how a lot of you’ve got to get hold of your prescriptions, do you actually suppose {that a} dog prescription goes to be any cheaper.

Your dog is your succor and a treasured member of your family may you actually live with yourself if you had to place him to sleep simply as a result of you could not afford his vet bill.

It’s doable to get health care insurance for your dog for roughly ten dollars a month. Whereas it might not cowl all your dogs vet care desires it could help. If you search around and read each arrange fastidiously you ought to even be able to seek out a pet healthcare plan that can facilitate acquire your routine vet visits. Some pet insurance plans can even cowl some boarding expenses.

Some queries you should ask the pet health insurance company you are considering buying a pet health care policy from is whether or not or not your vet accepts that particular sort of insurance, if there’s a cap on treatments, how a lot of is your deductible, and the way can they handle any pre-existing conditions your dog may have.

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With the term coaching in mind, there are several different meanings involved.  When you’re wanting to train your Golden Retriever, you have a few choices offered to you.  Below, we have a tendency to will take a look at the various types of coaching for your Golden, and facilitate you choose when sort of training is best for both you and your Golden.

Behavior coaching
Behavior coaching teaches a Golden Retriever to be a sensible dog in general.  The coaching involved includes house breaking, sensible general behavior around folks and pets, leash coaching, and alternative varieties of things that will make him a better companion.  Dogs that who passed obedience training and well composed – regardless of where you choose to require them.

Activity coaching
Activity training teaches Golden Retrievers various activities such as looking, herding, search and rescue, and many other tricks that you’ll be able to do together.  Activity training is very well-liked with the Golden breed, because it helps to make the connection between you and your pet a lot a lot of interesting.  By concentrating on activities {that the} Golden breed was bred to try and do, activity training is always very useful to your Golden Retriever.

Obedience coaching
Obedience coaching teaches your Golden a way to perform various activities.  This sort of training focuses on general behavior likewise, teaching the dog to be well behaved.  Most dogs who undergo a category in obedience coaching flip out to be well behaved and will listen to your commands and shouldn’t do things like chewing and barking for no reason.  If you want your Golden to be well behaved and obedient, you must enroll him in a very obedience coaching class while you can.

Remember that there are specific lines and distinctions with every type of training. If you choose obedience coaching for example, then your Golden Retriever won’t get any help along with his behavior.  When you select a category for your Golden, you usually wish to select a category that matches his wants at that time.  If you are having hassle controlling your dog, you’ll wish to start him off with behavior coaching, that is what most Golden house owners tend to do.

Once you hunt for a coaching class, you must additionally grasp what space your dog needs facilitate with.  Generally, a behavior pattern can be the results of boredom, which can simply be mounted by spending additional time with your dog.  Once you have spent a lot of time with him, you’ll typically notice his patten to stop.  Other times however, he could would like a small amount additional facilitate with certain behavior patterns, that is where coaching comes into play.  Though Golden Retrievers are good dogs, they won’t apprehend if they’re doing something wrong unless you show them.

Before you can train your Golden puppy, you wish to know what to teach him.  Golden puppies adore routines, and feel a lot of relaxed than ever if they’re on a schedule that they will predict.  When you are taking your dog to coaching, you should always wait and see with him and reassure him that he’s doing good.  As your Golden gets older and begins to find out new things, he can always remember his training.  In the unlikely event that he starts to slip on a number of his training, you’ll be able to invariably let him bear a course again to brush up on the techniques.  This approach, regardless of how previous your Golden Retriever gets, he will perpetually be the best companion that you have got grown to love over the years.

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Dogs aren’t like humans, therefore they need to be told in several ways.  Dogs don’t have human responses, which means that they don’t operate with the principle of right or wrong.  Instead, they operate on a principle of response, guided by the actions you give them.  If their actions result in a unhealthy response from you, then they not that what they are doing is wrong and will avoid doing that type of behavior.

If your dog will one thing right, he should be praised for it.  If your Golden Retriever is taking note of what you say and doing well, you ought to reward him with a treat or praise.  Letting him understand that he is doing sensible leads to positive response.  On the other hand, if he isn’t being attentive to you or doing the entire opposite of what you say, you shouldn’t reward him in the least – however instead scold him with a stern NO.

When training your Golden Retriever, timing is the foremost important factor.  If your dog is doing one thing wrong, you shouldn’t wait or hesitate to correct him. Doing thus might send the incorrect impression.  When your Golden is doing one thing wrong, you ought to correct him right then and there, thus he can know without a doubt what he is doing wrong.

For instance, if your Golden Retriever is chasing cars, you obviously want to stop this habit before it gets it out of hand.  The second you see him doing this, you should continually stop him and let him grasp he’s wrong.  This method, he can grasp that chasing cars is something he shouldn’t be doing.  It could take a bit of time for him to understand this, and you’ll would like to hold your ground and still correct him when he’s doing something that you don’t approve of.

This sort of theory is like that of praise.  After you see your Golden Retriever doing one thing right, you must praise him instantly.  If you don’t praise him instantly and instead wait until he has stopped, he will assume that you’re praising him for stopping.  To be on the safe facet and find the foremost from your Golden, you ought to continuously praise him when he is behaving in the right method, then correct him when he is behaving in a very negative way.

If you’re taking your time and show patience along with your Golden Retriever, you shouldn’t have any issues training him.  The coaching method might take quite a touch of time, although it is additional than worth it in the end.  Once you have trained your Golden Retriever, he can react to what you say, and avoid doing the items he has been corrected for.  Coaching is crucial for Golden – and will make him a a lot of better dog when he grows older.

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Golden Retrievers love to be included in family activities, which includes take rides in the automotive and traveling.  They love attention, and love for you to treat them simply like they are a member of your family.  When you initially get your Golden Retriever puppy, you’ll have to show him how to get pleasure from automobile rides and traveling, so he will come back to appreciate it more as he gets older.

When you opt to require him traveling for the primary time, you should always offer him food in small amounts throughout the day, whereas he adjusts to traveling.  If you feed him a ton of food before you head out, he may get sick within the automotive and have an accident.  By reducing the number of food that he consumes, he’ll be abundant a lot of in control of his bladder and himself.

When you’re traveling, invariably arrange to create frequent rest stops and permit your Golden Retriever time to alleviate himself.  You must additionally take a while to exercise likewise, stopping each few hours for bathroom breaks and exercise.  Golden Retrievers can hold themselves if they have to, although it isn’t smart for them.  Regardless of how so much you travel, you ought to forever be kind to your dog and stop each thus usually to let him have some time.

A typical mistake that several have created, and one you must avoid in any respect prices, is letting your Golden ride in an exceedingly moving vehicle along with his head out the window.  Though you may suppose this is often a good idea, your Golden can easily get a watch, ear, or nose injury.  Cars and trucks move at very fast speeds, and something can pop up after you least expect it and do serious damage to your dog.

When you stop for an occasion or to stock up your car, you ought to never allow your Golden Retriever to be alone within the car with the windows up.  Although you may crack the windows for him, the warmth of summer will end in a heat stroke if you aren’t careful.  If your dog will get a heatstroke from being locked up in a hot automobile, he can easily die before you are able to return to the car.  If you merely should leave your dog within the automobile, make positive that you simply park in the shade and offer him lots of air.

So long as you are doing your half and make sure of your Golden Retriever once you travel, he can like to travel with you.  Traveling is one thing that your Golden desires to get used to, although most adapt to it fairly quick.  Once you’ve got taken your dog traveling with you, he can know when it’s time to travel and eventually learn to tell you when you need to stop thus he can use the bathroom.

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The Collie dog makes an excellent sporting dog, and can be taught to do the work of the Pointer and therefore the Setter, in addition to that of the Water Spaniel and also the Retriever. He can be trained to perform the duties of alternative breeds.  He is clever at looking, having an wonderful nose, is a smart vermin-killer, and a most devoted watch, guard, and companion.

Very little is thought with certainty of the origin of the Collie, but his crafty and his outward appearance would seem to indicate a relationship with the wild dog. Buffon was of opinion that he was the true dog of nature, the stock and model of the whole canine species. He thought of the Sheepdog superior in instinct and intelligence to all or any different breeds, and that, with a personality in which education has comparatively very little share, he’s the sole animal born perfectly trained for the service of man.

At the shows this kind of dog is invariably at the prime of the class. He is taken into account the foremost tractable, and is actually the foremost agile. Second to the present type in favour is the smooth-coated selection, a very laborious, helpful dog, well adapted for hill work and usually very fleet of foot. He isn’t thus sweet in temper as the black and white, and is slow to create friends. There’s not a more  sleek and physically stunning dog to be seen than the show Collie of this period. Created from the old operating sort, he’s currently practically a definite breed. 

The skull ought to be flat, moderately wide between the ears, and gradually tapering towards the eyes. There ought to only be a slight depression at stop. The width of skull essentially depends upon combined length of skull and muzzle; and the whole must be thought of in affiliation with the size of the dog. The cheek should not be full or prominent. 

The muzzle ought to be of honest length, tapering to the nose, and must not show weakness or be snipy or lippy. No matter the color of the dog could be, the nose must be black. The teeth ought to be of excellent size, sound and level; terribly slight unevenness is permissible. The jaws Clean cut and powerful. The eyes are a very necessary feature, and give expression to the dog; they ought to be of medium size, set somewhat obliquely, of almond shape, and of a brown color except within the case of merles, when the eyes are frequently (one or both) blue and white or china; expression filled with intelligence, with a quick alert look when listening. The ears should be tiny and moderately wide at the bottom, and placed not too shut along however on the high of the skull and not on the aspect of the head. When in repose they should be typically carried thrown back, however when on the alert brought forward and carried semi-erect, with tips slightly drooping in angle of listening. 

The neck should be muscular, powerful and of fair length, and somewhat arched.  The body ought to be robust, with well sprung ribs, chest deep, fairly broad behind the shoulders, that should be sloped, loins very powerful. The dog ought to be straight in front. The fore-legs should be straight and muscular, neither in nor out at elbows, with a honest quantity of bone; the forearm somewhat fleshy, the pasterns showing flexibility without weakness. The hind-legs should be muscular at the thighs, clean and sinewy below the hocks, with well bent stifles. The feet ought to be oval in form, soles well padded, and the toes arched and shut together. 

In general character he could be a lithe active dog, his deep chest showing lung power, his neck strength, his sloping shoulders and well bent hocks indicating speed, and his expression high intelligence. He should be a honest length on the leg, giving him more of a racy than a cloddy appearance. During a few words, a Collie should show endurance, activity, and intelligence, with free and true action. In height dogs ought to be twenty two ins. to 24 ins. at the shoulders, bitches 20 ins. to twenty two ins. The weight for dogs is 45 to sixty five lbs., bitches 40 to fifty five lbs. The graceful collie only differs from the rough in its coat, which ought to be hard, dense and quite smooth.

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